Math Assignment, Math Definition, Math Dictionary, Math Word

Math Term

Definition

Abscissa -

The x or first coordinate in an ordered pair.
Ex: (5,-3) Abscissa is 5

Absolute Maximum -

The highest point (y value) of a function.
Ex:

Absolute Minimum -

The lowest point (y value) of a function.
Ex:

Absolute Value -

Distance a point is from the origin. Since it is a distance the number is always positive. We use the symbol | | to represent absolute value.
Ex: l -5 l = 5

Acceleration -

The rate of change of velocity over a specified time period.
Ex:

Accuracy -

The degree an approximation is to the correct answer.
Ex:

Acute Angle -

An angle that is less than 90 degrees.
Ex: 24 degree angle is acute

Acute Triangle -

A triangle whose interior angles are each less than 90 degrees
Ex: A triagle with angles of 80, 57, 43 degrees

Additive Inverse -

The numbers opposite or negative. The sum of x and its additive inverse -x equals zero,
Ex: 14 and - 14

Adjacent -

Close to or beside.
Ex:

Adjacent Angles -

Two angles that share a vertex and have a common side between them.
Ex:

Algorithm -

A set of steps followed to solve a math problem.
Ex:

Alternate Exterior Angles -

The Pair of exterior angles formed on opposite sides of a transversal which lies on different parallel lines.
Ex:

Alternate Interior Angles -

The Pair of interior angles formed on opposite sides of a transversal which lies on different parallel lines.
Ex:

Altitude -

The shortest distance from the base of a figure to its top.
Ex:

Amplitude -

One half of the difference between the minimum and maximum y values of a graph.
Ex: A graph has a minimum y value of 2 and a maximum y value of 13. (13 - 2) / 2 =5.5 amplitude

Angle -

Two rays that share a common vertex.
Ex:

Angle Bisector -

A line or ray that divides an angle equally in half.
Ex:

Angle of Depression -

The angle below a horizontal line that a person must look to view an object.
Ex:

Angle of Elevation -

The angle above a horizontal line that a person must look to view an object.
Ex:

Angle of Inclination of a line -

The angle formed between a line and the x axis.
Ex:

Apex -

The vertex of a cone or pyramid.
Ex:

Apothem -

A line segment from the midpoint of a side to the center of a polygon.
Ex:

Arc of a Circle -

A segment of the circumference of a circle.
Ex:

Arccos -

The inverse of cosine or cos^-1
Ex:

Arccot -

The inverse of cotangent or cot^-1
Ex:

Arccsc -

The inverse of cosecant or csc^-1.
Ex:

Arcsec -

The inverse of secant or sec^-1
Ex:

Arcsin -

The inverse of sine or sin^-1
Ex:

Arctan -

The inverse of tangent or tan^-1
Ex:

Argument of a Complex Number -

An angle describing the direction of a complex number.
Ex:

Argument of a Function -

The parameters on which a function operates.
Ex:

Argument of a Vector -

An angle describing the direction of a vector.
Ex:

Arithmetic Sequence -

A sequence of numbers which has a constant addition or subtraction between each term.
Ex: 10 + 45 +9 + 4

Arithmetic Series -

The sum of a sequence of numbers which has a constant addition or subtraction between each term.
Ex: 10 + 4 +34 +45

Asymptote -

A line or curve that a graph of a function approaches but does not intersect.
Ex:

Average -

The mean of a data set.
Ex: 112, 7, 16 Add the 3 terms 112 +7 +16 =135 The average is 135 / 3 = 45

Average Rate of Change -

The change in the value of a quantity divided by a period of time.
Ex: The temperature was 45 °, 3 hours later it was 60 °. (60 - 45) / 3 = 5 °/hr

Axiom -

A statement that is accepted as true even though it is not proven.
Ex:

Axis of Reflection -

An imaginary line where one side is a reflection of the other.
Ex:

Axis of Symmetry -

A line on a graph where the two sides of the graph are mirror images.
Ex:

Base -

The bottom of a figure in geometry.
Ex:

Binomial -

A polynomial with two terms.
Ex: 3 x² + y

Bisect -

To cut into two congruent parts.
Ex: To bisect a line of 5 cm you would cut it in half at 2.5 cm.

Bisector -

A line, segment, or plane that divides a figure into two congruent parts.
Ex:

Bounded Set of Numbers -

A set of numbers that has an upper and lower bound.
Ex:

Box and Whisker Plot -

A visual display of the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum of a data set.
Ex:

Boxplot -

A box and whisker plot that also displays outliers.
Ex:

Braces -

The { } symbol which are used to indicate sets.
Ex: {1,2,4}

Brackets -

The [ ] symbol which are used interchangeably with ( ).
Ex: [ 5x + (x - 3) - 14]

Cardinal Numbers -

The counting numbers 1, 2, 3 ... that does not include decimals or fractions.
Ex: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...

Cardinality of a Set -

The number of elements in a set.
Ex:

Cartesian Coordinates -

The order pairs (x,y) or (x,y,z).
Ex: (5, 3), (5, 2)

Cartesian Plane -

The plane that is formed by the x and y axis.
Ex:

Ceiling Function -

A step function that outputs the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
Ex:

Central Angle -

An angle whose vertex is in the center of a circle.
Ex:

Centroid -

The point in a figure where the medians intersect.
Ex:

Chord -

A line segment that connects endpoints on a circle.
Ex:

Circle -

The locus of all points that are a fixed distance from a point.
Ex:

Circumcenter -

The center of a triangle's circumcircle.
Ex:

Circumcircle -

A circle that contains a figure and passes through all the vertices of the figure.
Ex:

Circumference -

The distance around a circle.
Ex: Circumference = 2 * pi * radius

Circumscribed -

Surrounded by the smallest possible circles.
Ex:

Closed Interval -

An interval whose endpoints are included in the interval.
Ex:

Coefficient -

A number in front of a variable.
Ex: In 5x, x is the coefficient

Coincident -

Two or more figures that are exactly the same and share the same space.
Ex:

Collinear -

Points that are on the same line.
Ex: For a line x = y, (4, 4) and (5, 5) are collinear.

Combination -

A selection of object from a collection in which the order of the objects is irrelevant.
Ex:

Common Logarithm -

A logarithm whose base is 10.
Ex: log(x)

Common Ratio -

The ratio from a geometric sequence from one term to the next term.
Ex:

Complement of an Angle -

A second angle which when added to the first angle equals 90 degrees.
Ex: The complement to a 32° angle is a 58° angle

Complement of an Event -

The exact opposite of an event.
Ex:

Complementary Angles -

Two angles that added together equal 90 degrees.
Ex: A 12° angle and a 78° angle are complementary angles.

Complex Fraction -

A fraction whose numerator or denominator contains a fraction.
Ex: (1/x) / 4

Complex Numbers -

Numbers that contain a real number and an imaginary number separated by addition or subtraction.
Ex: 5 + i

Composite number -

A positive integer that is not prime.
Ex: 6 is composite because it can be divided by a number other than itself or 1.

Composition -

Inserting one function in for x in the second function.
Ex: f(x) = 4 f(g) = f(x) + 5x So f(g) = 4 + 5x

Compound Inequality -

Two or more inequalities.
Ex: 5 > 2 + x > 14

Compound Interest -

Interest is earned on the interest and the principle.
Ex: Amt = Principle ( 1 + interest rate/number of compoundings )^{(number of compoundings * time)}

Compression -

A transformation of a figure that makes it smaller.
Ex:

Compute -

To evaluate.
Ex:

Concave -

A shape that has an indentation.
Ex:

Concentric -

Similar Figures that share the same center.
Ex:

Concurrent -

Lines or curves that intersect at one point.
Ex:

Conditional -

An "If then" statement.
Ex: If x equals 4, then y equals 2.

Cone -

A 3d figure with a base that tapers to an apex.
Ex:

Congruent -

Exactly the same in size and shape.
Ex:

Conjecture -

A hypotenuse.
Ex:

Conjuction -

Two statements connected using and.
Ex: x + 5 = 0 and y - 2 = 0

Conjugates -

The writing of sum of two terms as a difference or writing the difference of two terms as a sum.
Ex: 5 + 3x and 5 - 3x are conjugates

Consecutive Interior Angles -

The Pair of interior angles formed on the same side of a transversal which lies on different parallel lines.
Ex:

Consistent System of Equations -

A system of equations that has a solution.
Ex:

Constant -

A number that does not contain a variable.
Ex: 5

Continuously Compounded Interest -

Interest that is computed every instant using constant e.
Ex:

Converse -

Changing the hypothesis and conclusion in a conditional statement.
Ex:

Convex -

A figure with no indentations.
Ex:

Coordinates -

The numbers giving the location of a point on the graph.
Ex: ( 3, 2 )

Coplanar -

Objects that lie in the same plane.
Ex:

Corollary -

A unique case of a general theorem that is noteworthy.
Ex:

Correlation -

The degree in which two variables are related.
Ex:

Correlation Coefficient -

A constant that measures the strength and direction of the correlation of two variables.
Ex:

Corresponding -

Two attributes that are the same in different objects.
Ex:

Cosecant -

The ratio of the hypotenuse to opposite side of a right triangle.
Ex:

Cosine -

The ratio of the adjacent to hypotenuse side of a right triangle.
Ex:

Cotangent -

The ratio of the adjacent to opposite side of a right triangle.
Ex:

Coterminal Angles -

Angles that share a terminal side when drawn in standard position.
Ex:

Counterexample -

An example that contradicts a stated proposition.
Ex:

Counting Numbers -

The Positive integers.
Ex: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...

Cross Product -

A way to multiply two vectors where the product produces a vector.
Ex:

Cube -

A six sided figure where all the faces are equal.
Ex:

Cube Root -

A number multiplied by itself three times that equals a given number.
Ex: 3 is the cube root of 27. 3³ = 3 * 3 * 3 = 27

Cubed -

Taking a number or quantity to the third power.
Ex: 2 ³ = 8

Cylinder -

A 3d figure where the bases are parallel and congruent.
Ex:

Decreasing Function -

A function the falls from left to right on the graph.
Ex:

Degree -

A unit of measure for angles that equals 1/360 of a circle.
Ex: ° is the degree symbol

Degree of a Polynomial -

The highest power in a polynomial.
Ex: 2x² + x³ + 5 where 3 is the degree of the poynomial

Denominator -

The bottom of a fraction.
Ex: For x / 3, 3 is the denominator.

Dependent variable -

A variable whose value depends on one or more other variables.
Ex:

Diagonal of a Polygon -

A line segment that connect vertices that are not adjacent.
Ex:

Diameter -

A line segment that connect two points on a circle and passes through the center.
Ex:

Diametrically Opposed -

Two points that are directly opposite on a circle.
Ex:

Dilation -

A transformation of a figure that makes it larger.
Ex:

Dimensions -

A measurement of the size of an object.
Ex: A rectangle with length 5 cm and width 2 cm.

Direct Proportion -

Two variables in which one is a constant multiple of the other.
Ex:

Directrices of a Hyperbola -

Two parallel lines between a hyperbola which are perpendicular to the major axis of a hyperbola.
Ex:

Directrices of an Ellipse -

Two parallel lines that are perpendicular to the major axis of an ellipse.
Ex:

Directrix of a Parabola -

A line that is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry in a parabola.
Ex:

Discontinuity -

A nonconnected point on the graph.
Ex:

Discontinusous Function -

A function whose graph is not connected.
Ex:

Discriminant -

In the quadratic formula the b^2 - 4ac which is useful for determining whether there are 0, 1 or 2 answers.
Ex: b² - 4ac

Disjoint Events -

Two events where it is impossible for both to happen.
Ex:

Disjunction -

Two statements connected using or.
Ex: x = 5 or x = 2

Distribute -

Multiplying parts of an expression in order to expand it.
Ex: 3 ( 5 + x ) distribute the 3 and you have 15 + 3x

Diverge -

Failure to approach a finite limit.
Ex:

Domain -

The independent variables (x values) for which the function is defined.
Ex:

Dot product -

A way to multiply all the components of two vectors and adding the results together.
Ex:

e -

A constant approximately equal to 2.718 that have many uses most commonly natural logarithms.
Ex:

Eccentricity -

A number that shows how drawn out a conic is.
Ex:

Element of a Matrix -

One of the numbers in a matrix.
Ex:

Elements of a Set -

A distinct object in a set.
Ex:

Ellipse -

A stretched circle.
Ex:

Ellipsoid -

A figure similar to a sphere for which all cross-sections are ellipses.
Ex:

Equation -

Two expressions that are separated by an equal sign.
Ex: x + 3 = 5

Equiangular Triangle -

A triangles whole angles are congruent.
Ex:

Equidistant -

Two or more objects that are the same distance from another object.
Ex: Two house are equidistant from a store when they are both 5 miles away from the store.

Equilateral Triangle -

A triangle whose three sides are congruent.
Ex: A triangle with sides of 2, 2, 2.

Equivalence Relation -

A relation that satisfies the reflective, transitive, and symmetric properties.
Ex:

Essential Discontinuity -

A discontinuity that cannot be removed from the graph.
Ex:

Euler Line -

A line segment that passes through a triangle's orthocenter, centroid, and circumcenter.
Ex:

Evaluate -

To solve.
Ex: Evaluate 5 * x = 10, so x = 2

Even Function -

A function whose graph is symmetric with respect to the y axis.
Ex:

Even Number -

An integer that is a divisible by 2.
Ex: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10...

Event -

All the possible outcomes from an experiment.
Ex:

Exclusive -

A disjunction where only one of the statements may be true.
Ex:

Exclusive -

An case where endpoints are excluded in the interval.
Ex:

Expand -

Multiplying parts of an expression in order to expand it.
Ex: 5 ( x + 2) - 3 ( y - 1), expand and get 5x + 10 - 3 ( y - 1)

Expected Value -

The average result of an experiment given a significantly large number of trials.
Ex:

Experiment -

A controlled, repeatable process.
Ex:

Explicit Function -

A function whose y value can be written explicitly in terms of x values.
Ex:

Exponent -

The superscipt that represents repeated multiplication.
Ex: 5 is the exponent in x⁵

Exponential Decay -

An equation that shows the rate of decay is directly proportional to the amount present.
Ex:

Exponential Growth -

An equation that shows the rate of growth is directly proportional to the amount present.
Ex:

Expression -

A mathematical calculation that does not contain an equal or inequality sign.
Ex: x + 3

Extraneous Solution -

An answer that does not satisfy the original equation.
Ex:

Face -

One of the flat surfaces on a figure.
Ex:

Factor of a Polynomial -

A polynomial that divides evenly into another polynomial.
Ex: x + 2 is a factor of the polynomial 2x +4

Factor of an Integer -

An integer that divides evenly into another integer.
Ex:

Factorial -

The product of a positive integer and all smaller positive integers. We use the ! to represent factorial.
Ex: 4! = 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 =24

Falling Bodies -

A formula that models the dropping of an object.
Ex:

Fibonacci Sequence -

The sequence of number in which the next term is the sum of the two previous numbers.
Ex: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13...

Finite -

A set that has a specific amount of elements.
Ex:

First Quartile -

A number where 25% of the data is smaller than the number.
Ex:

Flip -

A transformation that mirrors the figure across a line.
Ex:

Floor Function -

A step function that outputs the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Ex:

Focal Radius -

The distance from the center to the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola.
Ex:

Foci of a Hyperbola -

Two points on the inside of a hyperbola that are used in its definition.
Ex:

Foci of an Ellipse -

Two points on the inside of an ellipse that are used in its definition.
Ex:

Focus -

A point used to draw and define a conic.
Ex:

Focus of a Parabola -

A point on the inside of an parabola that are used in its definition.
Ex:

FOIL Method -

An acronym that helps to remember how to distribute two binomials. FOIL stands for First, Outer, Inner, Last.
Ex: ( x + 2 ) * ( x - 1) = x² - x + 2x - 2

Formula -

An expression that is used to evaluate a desired result.
Ex: The formula for area of a rectangle is length times width. A = lw

Fraction -

A ratio of numbers or variables in which the denominator is not zero.
Ex: 1 / 5

Frequency of Periodic Motion -

The number of cycles completed per second.
Ex:

Function -

A set of numbers where each x value has only one corresponding y value.
Ex: x = 5 + y

Geometric Mean -

A type of mean that indicates the central tendency of a set of numbers.
Ex:

Geometric Sequence -

A sequence which has a constant ratio between each term.
Ex:

Glide -

A transformation that moves the graph but does not change its size or orientation.
Ex:

Glide Reflection -

A transformation that translate and reflects the figure.
Ex:

Golden Mean -

A constant approximately 1.618 that occurs in many settings, mostly with the Fibonacci sequence.
Ex:

Greatest Common Factor -

The largest integer that divides evenly into a set of numbers.
Ex: The greatest common factor of 16, 40, 48 is 8.

Greatest Lower Bound -

The largest of all lower bounds of a set.
Ex:

Half-Closed Interval -

An interval that includes the one endpoint but does not include the other.
Ex:

Half-Life -

For exponentially decaying substances the amount of time to reach half the original amount.
Ex:

Harmonic Mean -

A type of average used when average rates are desired.
Ex:

Height -

The shortest distance from the base of a figure to the top.
Ex:

Helix -

A curve that is shaped like a spring.
Ex:

Heptagon -

A seven sided polygon.
Ex:

Hexagon -

A six sided polygon.
Ex:

Horizontal -

Parallel to level ground.
Ex:

Horizontal Line Test -

If a horizontal line intersects a graph more than once then the function is not one-to-one.
Ex:

Hyperbola -

A conic that looks like an ellipse flipped inside out.
Ex:

Hypotenuse -

The largest side of a right triangle.
Ex:

Hypothesis -

The part of the conditional statement after if and before the conclusion
Ex:

Identity -

An equation that is always true regardless of what numbers are substituted.
Ex: 5x * 0 = 0

Image of a Transformation -

The result after a transformation is performed.
Ex:

Imaginary Numbers -

A number in the form bi where i is defined as the squareroot of -1 and b is a coefficient.
Ex: i, 2i, 3i...

Improper Fraction -

A fraction where the numerator is bigger than the denominator.
Ex: 5 / 3

Improper Rational Expression -

A rational expression where the degree of the numerator is greater than or equal to the degree of the denominator.
Ex: 3x⁴ / y²

Incenter -

The center of an inscribed circle.
Ex:

Incircle -

The largest circle that can be drawn in the interior of a figure.
Ex:

Inclusive -

An interval that includes the endpoints.
Ex:

Inclusive or -

A disjunction where one or both of the statements may be true.
Ex:

Increasing Function -

A function whose graph increases from left to right.
Ex:

Independent Events -

Events where one event does not affect the outcome of another.
Ex:

Independent Variable -

A variable that does not depend on the other variable (x value).
Ex:

Inequality -

Two expressions that are separated by an >, <, ≥, or ≤
Ex: 5x > 15

Infinite -

A set of numbers that does not end.
Ex:

Infinity -

A mathematical concept which indicates a quantity without bound or end. We use ∞ to represent infinity.
Ex: ∞

Inflection Point -

A point where the graph changes from concave up to concave down or vice-versa.
Ex:

Initial Side of an Angle -

The ray where we start measuring an angle.
Ex:

Inradius -

The radius of an inscribed circle.
Ex:

Inscribed Angle -

An angle inside a circle whose vertex lies on the circle.
Ex:

Integers -

The positive and negative whole numbers including zero.
Ex: -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3...

Interest -

The amount of money paid in order to borrow money.
Ex: Interest = principle * rate * time

Interior -

The points inside a figure.
Ex:

Interior Angle -

An angle on the inside of a figure.
Ex:

Interquartile Range -

The result of the first quartile minus the third quartile.
Ex:

Intersection -

The elements or points that sets or objects have in common.
Ex: Two lines intersect at the point (2,5)

Interval -

The set of real numbers between two points.
Ex: A line with end points (2,5) and (8,5)

Interval Notation -

Representing an interval using a pair of numbers and parenthesis/brackets.
Ex: The interval between (2,5) and (8,5)

Invariant -

A property that cannot be changed by a particular transformation.
Ex:

Inverse -

The quantity that cancels out another quantity.
Ex: The inverse of 5 is -5

Inverse Function -

A function resulting from switching the x and y values in a function.
Ex: The inverse of 2 - x is -2 + x

Inverse Proportion -

A constant relationship between two variables where when one increases the other decreases by a constant amount.
Ex:

Irrational number -

A number that we cannot write as a fraction.
Ex: √2

Isometry -

A transformation where the distance between points in the pre-image are the same distance in the image.
Ex:

Isosceles Triangle -

A triangle where two sides are the same.
Ex: A triangle with sides of 2, 2, 3

Iterative Process -

An algorithm where you repeatedly use the same formula or step.
Ex:

Joint Variation -

One variable is directly proportional to a set of variables.
Ex:

Jump Discontinuity -

A discontinuity where the graph jumps from one part of the graph to another.
Ex:

Kite -

A quadrilateral that has two pairs of congruent adjacent sides.
Ex:

Lateral Area -

The surface area of of a solid not including the area of the bases.
Ex: The lateral area of a can of soup would be the area of the label.

Leading Coefficient -

The coefficient of the variable with the highest power.
Ex: The leading coefficient of 5x² + 10x is 5.

Leading Term -

The highest power term in a polynomial.
Ex:

Least Common Denominator -

The smallest denominator that we can use for two or more fractions.
Ex: For 1/3 and 1/6 the least common denominator is 6.

Least Squares Fit -

The linear fit that follows the paired data as close as possible.
Ex:

Least Squares Regression Equation -

An equation that models the paired data as closely as possible.
Ex:

Least Upper Bound -

The smallest upper bound of a set of numbers.
Ex:

Leg of a Right Triangle -

The two sides of the triangle that are not the hypotenuse.
Ex:

Leg of a Trapezoid -

A side that connect the bases of a triangle.
Ex:

Leg of an Isosceles Triangle -

Either of the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle.
Ex:

Lemma -

A small proof that is used to help prove a theorem.
Ex:

Like Terms -

Terms that are of the same variable and to the same power or root.
Ex: x² and 2x² are like terms.

Limit -

A value that a function approaches as the domain approaches a certain value.
Ex:

Limit from Above -

A limit where the domain is taken for values greater than the number the domain variable approaches.
Ex:

Limit from Below -

A limit where the domain is taken for values less than the number the domain variable approaches.
Ex:

Line -

A straight path between two points that extends infinitely in both directions.
Ex:

Line segment -

A line between two points that ends at each point.
Ex:

Line Segment -

A line between two points that ends at each point.
Ex:

Linear -

Created by lines.
Ex:

Linear Combination -

The sum of the multiples of every variable.
Ex:

Linear Equation -

An equation whose graph is a straight line, and degree is 1 or is a vertical or horizontal line.
Ex:

Linear Factorization -

Factoring a polynomial so that each factors highest power is 1.
Ex:

Linear Fit -

A line used to model a set of paired data.
Ex:

Linear Inequality -

An inequality whose degree is 1.
Ex: 2x - 3y < 12

Linear Pair of Angles -

Adjacent angles that are formed by intersecting lines.
Ex:

Linear Programming -

An algorithm used to solve system of inequality problems where we are finding the largest or smallest possible value.
Ex:

Linear Regression -

Modeling the relationship between variables.
Ex:

Linear System of Equation -

A set of equations taken together where all the equations are linear.
Ex:

Local Behavior -

A property of a graph close to a particular point.
Ex:

Local Maximum -

The highest point on a specific part of the graph.
Ex:

Local Minimum -

The lowest point on a specific part of the graph.
Ex:

Locus -

A set of points that form a figure.
Ex:

Logarithm -

The power that the base must be raised in order to produce a particular number. We denote Logarithms using log.
Ex: log_b(y) = x is equivalent to y = b^x

Logistic -

A graph that increases quickly then slows as it approaches an upper limit.
Ex:

Lower Bound of a Set -

A number that is less than or equal to every elements in a set.
Ex:

Lower Quartile -

A number where 25% of the data is smaller than the number.
Ex:

Lowest Common Multiple -

The smallest positive integer that two or more numbers divide into evenly.
Ex: For 2 and 3, multiples of 2 are 4, 6, 8... multiples of 3 are 6, 9, 12.., LCM of 2 and 3 is 6

Magnitude -

The size or amount of an object.
Ex:

Magnitude of a Vector -

A vectors length.
Ex:

Major Acr -

The longest arc between two points on a circle.
Ex:

Major Axis of a Hyperbola -

A line that passes through the center, foci, and vertices of a hyperbola.
Ex:

Major Axis of an Ellipse -

A line that passes through the center, foci, and vertices of an ellipse.
Ex:

Major Diameter of an Ellipse -

A line segment that joins the vertices of an ellipse.
Ex:

Matrix -

A rectagular array of numbers usually denoted by [ ].
Ex:

Matrix Inverse -

A matrix that when multiplied by another matrix, the result is the identity matrix.
Ex:

Maximize -

Finding the largest value.
Ex:

Maximum of a Function -

The highest point (y value) on the graph.
Ex:

Mean -

The average, which is found by adding all the numbers together and dividing by how many you added.
Ex:

Measure of an Angle -

The size of an angle which is measured in degrees or radians.
Ex:

Measurement -

Finding amount or size of an object.
Ex:

Median -

The number in a set where half of the numbers are larger and half are smaller. If two numbers are in the middle find the mean of the two numbers.
Ex: 2,9,33,56,88 Median is 33

Median of a Trapezoid -

A line segment that connects the midpoints of a trapezoid's legs.
Ex:

Median of a Triangle -

A line segment connecting the vertex to the midpoint of a triangle.
Ex:

Midpoint -

A point that is halfway between two point.
Ex:

Minimize -

To find the smallest value that satisfies the function.
Ex:

Minimum of a Function -

The smallest value on a graph.
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Minor Arc -

The shortest arc between two points on a circle.
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Minor Axis of a Hyperbola -

A line perpendicular to the major axis of a hyperbola that passes through the center of a hyperbola.
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Minor Axis of an Ellipse -

A line that is perpendicular to the major axis of an ellipse and goes through the center.
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Minor Diameter of an Ellipse -

A segment that is perpendicular to the major diameter and passes through the center of the ellipse.
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Minute -

A unit of angle measurement that equals 1/60 of a degree.
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Mixed Number -

A number written as an integer and a proper fraction.
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Mode -

The most frequent number in a set of numbers.
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Model -

An equation or system of equations that represents a "real-world" example.
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Modulo -

The remainder when you divide one number by another.
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Moment -

A number that tells how well a figure balances on a line.
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Monomial -

A one term polynomial.
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Multiplicative Inverse of a Number -

The reciprocal of a number.
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Multiplicity -

The number of times a number is a zero for a polynomial.
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Multivariable -

A problem that contains more than one variable.
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Natural Logarithm -

A logarithm whose base is e. We use ln to denote Natural Log.
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Natural Numbers -

The Positive integers.
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Negative Exponent -

When taking a base to a negative power, the solution is the reciprocal with the exponent positive.
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Negative Number -

A number that is less than zero.
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Negative Reciprocal -

When you switch the numerator and denominator of a fraction and change the sign.
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Negatively Associated Data -

Two variables where as one value increases the other decreases.
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Noncollinear -

Points that are not on the same line.
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Number line -

A line that represents all real numbers.
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Numerator -

The top of a fraction.
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Oblique -

Lines that are at an angle in, not horizontal or vertical.
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Obtuse Angle -

An angle that is larger than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
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Obtuse Triangle -

A triangle that has an angle greater than 90 degrees.
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Octagon -

An eight sides figure.
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Odd function -

A function whose graph is symmetric with respect to the origin.
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Odd number -

An integer that is not divisible by 2.
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Odds -

A way to represent the likelihood of something happening, usually written as a ratio a:b.
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One-Sided Limit -

A limit from either the left or right.
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One-to-One Function -

A function where every y value corresponds to only one x value.
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Open Interval -

An interval where the endpoints are not included.
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Ordered Pair -

The numbers giving the location of a point on the graph.
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Ordinal Numbers -

Numeric words that tell us the order, like first, second, third...
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Ordinate -

The y value of an ordered pair.
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Origin -

The intersection of the x and y axis, denoted by (0,0).
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Orthocenter -

A point where the altitudes of a triangle intersect.
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Orthogonal -

Form a right angle.
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Outcome -

A result of an experiment.
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Outlier -

A point that is completely different from the rest of the data.
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Oval -

A curve that resembles an egg.
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Paired Data -

Data that come as an ordered pair.
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Parabola -

A u-shaped curve.
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Parallel Lines -

Lines that never intersect.
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Parallel Planes -

Planes that never intersect.
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Parallogram -

A four sided figure with two pairs on parallel sides.
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Parametric Equations -

A system of equations that has more than one dependent variable.
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Parent Function -

A very basic function of which other more complex functions are built.
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Parenthesis -

First in the Order of operations denoted by ( ) .
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Pascal's Triangle -

A triangle made up of numbers where each entry is determined by adding the two numbers that are above and on the other side of the entry.
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Pentagon -

A five sided figure.
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Percentile -

The value where a specified percent fall below.
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Perfect Number -

A number where the sum of all positive integer factors add up to the number.
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Perfect Square -

A number whose squareroot is a rational number.
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Perimeter -

The sum of all the sides of a figure.
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Period of Periodic Motion -

The time taken to complete a cycle.
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Periodic Function -

A function whose graph repeats itself from left to right.
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Periodic Motion -

Motion that repeats a pattern.
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Permutation -

A selection of object from a collection in which the order of the objects is important.
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Perpendicular -

Form a right angle.
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Perpendicular Bisector -

A perpendicular line through the midpoint of a segment.
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Pi -

An irrational number approximately equal to 3.14159 that is the ratio of the Circumference to Diameter of all circle.
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Piecewise Continuous Function -

A function with a defined number of connected pieces.
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Piecewise Function -

A function that has different formulas for different x values.
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Plane -

An imaginary flat surface that extends in all direction and has zero thickness.
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Point -

An exact location on a plane, represented by a dot.
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Point-Slope Equation of a Line -

y - y1 = m(x - x1) where y1 and x1 are a given point and m is the slope.
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Polar Axis -

The positive part of the x-axis.
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Polar Coordinates -

Points defined by the distance from the origin for the first coordinate, and an angle measurement for the second coordinate.
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Polygon -

A closed figure where all sides are line segments and not curves.
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Polyhedron -

A figure whose faces are polygons and edges are line segments.
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Polynomial -

An expression whose terms are made up of constants, variables, and exponent, that are separated by addition or subtraction.
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Polynomial Long Division -

A method employed to divide polynomial which is performed the same way as long division of simple numbers.
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Population -

All the cases considered in a statistics experiment.
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Positive Number -

All the real numbers that are greater than zero.
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Positively Associated Data -

Two variables where as one value increases/decreases the other increases/decreases.
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Postulate -

A statement that we accept as true without having to prove.
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Power -

The superscipt that represents repeated multiplication.
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Pre-Image of a Transformation -

The original figure before a transformation has taken place.
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Precision -

The number of significant digits used in a given problem.
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Prime Factorization -

An integer written as a product of powers of prime numbers
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Prime Number -

A number that is divisable only by itself and 1.
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Principal -

The original amount invested.
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Prism -

A figure whose bases are parallel congruent polygons.
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Probability -

The likelihood of an event happening.
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Product -

The result of multiplication.
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Projectile Motion -

A formula that models the dropping of an object.
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Proper Fraction -

A fraction whose denominator is larger than the numerator.
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Proportional -

Two variables that have a constant ratio between them.
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Pyramid -

A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and sides are a triangle that share a common vertex.
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Quadrantal Angle -

An angle whose terminal side falls on the x or y axis.
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Quadrants -

Dividing the x-y axis into four sections.
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Quadratic -

An equation whose degree is 2 and graph is a parabola.
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Quadratic Equation -

An equation whose degree is 2 and graph is a parabola.
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Quadratic Polynomial -

A polynomial whose degree is 2.
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Quartic Polynomial -

A polynomial whose degree is 4.
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Quartile -

Values that divide a set into four equal parts.
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Quintic Polynomial -

A polynomial whose degree is 5.
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Quintiles -

Values that divide a set into five equal parts.
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Quotient -

The result of division.
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Radian -

A unit of measure for angles, defined by 2 pi radians = 360 degrees.
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Radical -

Taking the square or nth root denoted by √
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Radicand -

The term under the radical symbol.
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Radius of a Circle -

A line segment from a point on a circle to the center.
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Range -

The y values of a function.
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Ratio -

A comparision of two numbers by dividing them.
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Rational Equation -

An equation that contains a rational expression.
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Rational Exponents -

An exponent that is a fraction.
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Rational Expression -

An expression that has two polynomials that are divided.
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Rational Function -

A function that has a polynomial divided by another polynomial.
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Rational Numbers -

All numbers that can be written as a fraction, including the integers.
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Rationalizing the Denominator -

Rewriting the denominator so it only contains rational numbers.
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Ray -

A point and a straight line.
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Real Numbers -

The set of all numbers on a number line.
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Real Part -

The non-imaginary part of a complex number.
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Reciprocal -

The quantity that cancels out another quantity.
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Rectangle -

A four sided figure where the angles are 90 degrees.
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Rectangular Coordinates -

The order pairs (x,y) or (x,y,z).
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Reduce a Fraction -

Simplifying the fraction so that all common factors cancel out.
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Reference Angle -

The smallest angle between the ray and the x axis.
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Reflection -

A transformation that mirrors the figure across a line.
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Regression Equation -

A function that fits a set of data as close as possible.
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Relation -

A set of coordinates.
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Relative Maximum -

The highest point on a specific part of the graph.
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Relative Minimum -

The smallest point on a specific part of the graph.
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Relatively Prime -

Two numbers whose greatest common factor is 1.
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Remainder -

What is left after long division.
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Removable Discontinuity -

A hole in the graph that can be fixed by filling in a one point.
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Residual -

The distance a data point is from the line of regression vertically.
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Restricted Domain -

A specific part of the domain.
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Restricted Function -

A function whose domain restricted.
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Rhombus -

A parallelogram that has four equal sides.
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Right angle -

A 90 degree angle.
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Right Triangle -

A triangle that has a right angle.
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Root -

An x values which makes a function equal zero.
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Root of a Number -

Taking the square or nth root denoted by √
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Rotation -

A transformation that turns around a fixed point.
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Rounding a Number -

Approximating a number to a certain precision.
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Sample Space -

All possible outcomes of an experiment.
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Satisfy -

Showing that the answer is true by substituting the answer into the equation.
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Scalar -

A number that has no direction.
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Scale Factor -

The ratio of corresponding sides of similar figures.
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Scalene Triangle -

A triangle with three different side lengths.
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Scatterplot -

An x-y graph of paired data.
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Scientific Notation -

A way to write really large or really small numbers using the form a x 10^b
Ex:

Secant -

The ratio of the hypotenuse to adjacent side of a right triangle.
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Secant Line -

A line that passes through two or more points of a curve.
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Second -

A unit of angle measurement that equals 1/3600 of a degree.
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Sector of a Circle -

An area of a circle bounded by two radii.
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Segment of a Circle -

A part of a circle bounded by a chord and arc.
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Semicircle -

One half of a circle.
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Set -

A group of elements.
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Shift -

A transformation that moves the graph but does not change its size or orientation.
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Shrink -

A transformation in which all x or y coordinates are multiplied by a fraction between 0 and 1.
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Side of an Angle -

One of the rays of an angle.
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Significant Digits -

A measurement of how precise a number is measured.
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Similar -

The same shape, but not necessarily the same size.
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Simple Closed Curve -

A curve that does not intersect itself and ends at the point where it started.
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Simple Closed Curve -

A curve that does not intersect itself and ends at the point where it started.
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Simple Interest -

Compounding interest only on the principal and not on interest.
Ex:

Simplify -

To rewrite in the simplest form.
Ex:

Simultaneous Equations -

A set of equations taken together.
Ex:

Sine -

The ratio of opposite to hypotenuse of a right triangle.
Ex:

Sinusoid -

A graph that looks like a wave.
Ex:

Skew Lines -

Lines that do not intersect.
Ex:

Slant Height -

The diagonal line segment from the base to the apex.
Ex:

Slope of a Curve -

A number that defines the steepness of a curve.
Ex:

Slope of a line -

The steepness of a line, denoted by m.
Ex:

Slope-Intercept Form -

An equation in the form y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y intercept.
Ex:

Solid -

A three dimensional figure.
Ex:

Solution -

The answer to an equation, inequality, or system of equation/inequalities.
Ex:

Solve -

To find the answer to a problem.
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Speed -

The distance traveled over a period of time.
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Sphere -

A 3d solid like a basketball.
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Spiral -

A curve that turns outwards or inward endlessly.
Ex:

Square -

A rectangle whose sides are equal.
Ex:

Square Root -

A number when multiplied by itself that equals another number.
Ex:

Standard Form of an Equation -

An equation in the form Ax + By = C
Ex:

Standard Position -

An angle starting at the x axis and moving counterclockwise.
Ex:

Stem-and Leaf Plot -

A way to display a distribution in a simplifed form.
Ex:

Step Function -

A floor or ceiling function whose graph looks like stairs.
Ex:

Straight angle -

An angle that is 180 degrees.
Ex:

Sum -

The result of addition.
Ex:

Supplement of an Angle -

A second angle that when added to the first angle is 180 degrees.
Ex:

Supplementary -

Two angles that when added together equal 180 degrees.
Ex:

Surface -

A figure that excludes interior points.
Ex:

Surface Area -

The sum of all surfaces of a solid.
Ex:

Symmetric -

A figure or graph that contains two or more congruent parts.
Ex:

Symmetric about the origin -

A graph that is the same after it is reflected around the x and y axis.
Ex:

Symmetric about the x axis -

A graph that is the same after reflected around the x axis.
Ex:

Symmetric about the y axis -

A graph that is the same after reflected around the y axis.
Ex:

System of Equations -

Two or more equations that involve the same group of variables.
Ex:

Tangent -

The ratio of the opposite to adjacent side of a right triangle.
Ex:

Tangent Line -

A line that only touches a curve at one point.
Ex:

Term -

A part of an equation or number that is separated by an addition or subtraction sign.
Ex:

Terminal Side of an Angle -

The ray where an angle measurement ends.
Ex:

Tessellate -

Identical pieces that cover a plane.
Ex:

Tetrahedron -

A polyhedron that has four triangular faces.
Ex:

Theorem -

A hypothesis that is proven.
Ex:

Three Dimensional Coordinates -

A system where points are one the (x, y, z) axis.
Ex:

Transcendental Numbers -

A number that is not a root of any integer polynomial.
Ex:

Transformations -

Operation that moves, reflects, stretches, compresses, or rotates a figure.
Ex:

Transitive property -

If a is equal to b and b is equal to c, then a must be equal to c.
Ex:

Translation -

A transformation that moves a figure to a new location.
Ex:

Transversal -

A line that intersect a set of lines or sides.
Ex:

Trapezoid -

A quadrilateral that has two opposite parallel sides and two bases.
Ex:

Triangle -

A three sided polygon.
Ex:

Triangle Inequality -

A statement that one side of a triangle cannot be larger than the sum of the other two sides.
Ex:

Triangulation -

Locating the position of a point, by observing the direction and distance to two or more points.
Ex:

Trinomial -

A polynomial that has three terms.
Ex:

Trivial -

A solution that is not noteworthy.
Ex:

Unbounded Set of Numbers -

A set of numbers that has an infinite number of terms.
Ex:

Undefined Slope -

The slope of a vertical line.
Ex:

Uniform -

All elements are the same or have the same manner.
Ex:

Union -

The intersection of two or more sets.
Ex:

Unit -

A circle centered at the origin with a radius of 1.
Ex:

Upper Bound -

A number that is greater than or equal to any element in a set.
Ex:

Upper Quartile -

A number where 75% of the data is smaller than the number.
Ex:

Variable -

A number that is represented by a letter or symbol.
Ex:

Vector -

A quantity with both size and direction.
Ex:

Velocity -

Speed without direction.
Ex:

Venn Diagram -

An illustration of data and how they are related using ovals.
Ex:

Vertex -

A point on the corner of a figure.
Ex:

Vertical -

Perpendicular to horizontal or straight up and down.
Ex:

Vertical Angles -

At the intersection of two lines, angles that are opposite one another.
Ex:

Vertical Line Test -

If a vertical line intersects a graph in more than once place then the graph is not a function.
Ex:

Volume -

The amount of space occupied by a solid.
Ex:

Weighted Average -

Calculating the average where some numbers carry more weight than others.
Ex:

Whole Numbers -

The positive x integers including zero.
Ex:

x-intercept -

A point that lies on the x axis.
Ex:

y-intercept -

A point that lines on the y axis.
Ex:

Z-intercept -

A point that intersects the z-axis.
Ex:

Zero -

A number that has no quantity, size, or magnitude, and is neither positive or negative.
Ex:

Zero of a function -

An x values which makes a function equal zero.
Ex:

Zero Slope -

The slope of a horizontal line.
Ex: